Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 召

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhào

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)rawʔs

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)rawh

Western Han Chinese: ḍ(h)awh

Eastern Han Chinese: ḍ(h)awh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)èw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)èw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍ(h)èw

Middle Chinese: ḍèw

English meaning : to call, summon

Russian meaning[s]: 1) звать; созывать; 2) вызывать, приглашать; [shào] Шао (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *daw(ʔ)-s, MC ʒ́èw (FQ 寔照) 'name of a county, Shao' (thus in Shi 16.1).

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1344

Karlgren code: 1131 e-h

Vietnamese reading: triệu

Shijing occurrences: 16.1, 16.2, 16.3

Character: 叮

Modern (Beijing) reading: dīng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) предписывать, приказывать; велеть; 2) повторять; 3) жалить, кусать (о насекомых); засиживать (о мухах)

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 2928

Character: 叩

Modern (Beijing) reading: kòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: khōʔ

Classic Old Chinese: khṓ

Western Han Chinese: khwā́

Eastern Han Chinese: khwā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: khṓw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: khʌ́w

English meaning : strike; attack, set to work upon [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стучаться, спрашивать (осведомляться) о...; 2) кланяться; бить челом, класть земные поклоны

Comments: Also read *khōʔ-s, MC khл̀w, Pek. kòu id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 2084

Karlgren code: 0110 d

Character: 叨

Modern (Beijing) reading: tāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: tāw

Classic Old Chinese: tāw

Western Han Chinese: tāw

Eastern Han Chinese: tāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: tāw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tāw

Late Postclassic Chinese: tāw

Middle Chinese: tâw

English meaning : grieved, sorry

Russian meaning[s]: 1) жаждать, желать; алчный, жадный; 2) удостоиться (внимания); 3) причинить (беспокойство); [dāo] 叨叨 распространяться, много говорить

Comments: = 忉 q.v.; during LZ read *thāw, MC thâw 'covetous'.

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 4177

Karlgren code: 1131 d

Character: 叼

Modern (Beijing) reading: diao

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 司

Modern (Beijing) reading: sī

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhǝ

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥ǝ

Western Han Chinese: sl̥ǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jɨ

Middle Chinese: sjɨ

English meaning : to be in charge, manage; relation; supervisor

Russian meaning[s]: 1) управлять, заведовать, ведать; управляющий; 2) департамент; управление, ведомство; 3) князек; 4) Сы (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 3304

Karlgren code: 0972 a-e

Vietnamese reading: ty

Character: 叵

Modern (Beijing) reading: pǒ

Russian meaning[s]: древн. нельзя, невозможно

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 775

Character: 叫

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiào

Preclassic Old Chinese: kīws

Classic Old Chinese: kīwh

Western Han Chinese: kjǝ̄wh

Eastern Han Chinese: kiǝ̄wh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiḕw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiḕw

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiḕw

Middle Chinese: kièw

English meaning : to call

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кричать; стрекотать; петь; 2) звать, призывать, вызывать; 3) называть, называться; 4) заказать, закупить (напр. угощение); 5) заставлять; посылать; дать возможность; служебный побудительный глагол; 6) вспомогательный глагол пассивных предложений, вводит действующее лицо (часто сопровождается 給)

Comments: Viet. kêu is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is khiếu.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 2668

Karlgren code: 1064 g

Vietnamese reading: kêu

Character: 另

Modern (Beijing) reading: lìng

Preclassic Old Chinese: rēŋs

Classic Old Chinese: rēŋh

Western Han Chinese: rēŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: riēŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: liḕŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: liḕŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: liḕŋ

Middle Chinese: lìeŋ

English meaning : different [post-Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) другой; специальный; особо, отдельно; изолированно; отделить, отрезать; отделиться; 2) нуль, вм. 零

Comments: A late dialectal word (the MC reading comes from Zihui); Min dialects point to *r, cf. Xiamen liŋ⁶, Chaozhou, Fuzhou leŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 4730

Character: 只

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: keʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ké

Western Han Chinese: ké

Eastern Han Chinese: kjé

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjé

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjé

Late Postclassic Chinese: kjé

Middle Chinese: ćé

English meaning : prosodic particle

Russian meaning[s]: только, лишь, всего лишь; но; но только; [zhī] счетное слово вм. 隻

Shuowen gloss: 語巳詞也.從口.象氣下引之形.凡只之屬皆從只. [87]

Comments: Sch.: 'Meaning not clear, perhaps a variant of 止 *tǝʔ' (the latter statement is dubious, because 只 obviously had a velar initial in OC, see ROPS 284). In later literature the particle means 'only, merely'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 7914

Karlgren code: 0865 a

Vietnamese reading: chi`

Shijing occurrences: 4.1, 28.4, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 45.1, 45.2

Character: 史

Modern (Beijing) reading: shǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: srǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: srǝ́

Western Han Chinese: ṣǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣɨ́

Middle Chinese: ṣɨ́

English meaning : secretary

Russian meaning[s]: 1) история; исторический; анналы; летопись; 2) историограф, летописец; древн. хранитель библиотеки; 3) Ши (фамилия)

Comments: A later attested, but no doubt archaic meaning is 'annals, history, record', which makes Schüssler's identification of 史 and 使 'send, cause' dubious.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 6419

Karlgren code: 0975 a-f

Vietnamese reading: su`'

Character: 叱

Modern (Beijing) reading: chì

Preclassic Old Chinese: thit

Classic Old Chinese: thit

Western Han Chinese: thjǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: ćhǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćhit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćhit

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćhit

Middle Chinese: ćhit

English meaning : revile [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разносить, распекать, бранить, кричать (на кого-л.); 2) орать, галдеть; отгонять криком

Comments: Xiesheng would rather point to *shit, so the MC reading could be irregular (instead of expected *chjit).

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 7189

Karlgren code: 0400 e

Character: 台

Modern (Beijing) reading: tái

English meaning : I, me; also tai 1 "rounded (back)"

Russian meaning[s]: 1) высокий, уважаемый; эпист. Вы; Ваш; 2) сокр. написание 臺; [yí] 1) древн. я; 2) вм. 怡

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1425

Character: 句

Modern (Beijing) reading: jù

Preclassic Old Chinese: kos

Classic Old Chinese: koh

Western Han Chinese: kwah

Eastern Han Chinese: kwah

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwò

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwò

Middle Chinese: kǜ

English meaning : sentence, clause [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) предложение, фраза; 2) счетный суффикс слов; 3) остановить(ся); [gōu gòu] 1) согнуться; крюк, см. 勾; 2) Гоу (фамилия)

Comments: Viet. câu is colloquial (regular Sino-Viet. is cú) - probably under the influence of another reading of 句, MC kʌw - see under 勾.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 20

Four-angle index: 4312

Karlgren code: 0108 a-b

Vietnamese reading: câu

Character: 叭

Modern (Beijing) reading: bā

Middle Chinese: phạ̈t

English meaning : an interjection

Russian meaning[s]: фонетический знак без значения

Comments: Attested only since Tang (the fanqie is taken from Jiyun).

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 6361

Character: 叻

Modern (Beijing) reading: le

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 四

Modern (Beijing) reading: sì

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhijs

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥ić

Western Han Chinese: sl̥jǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jiś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jì

Middle Chinese: sjì

English meaning : four

Russian meaning[s]: 1) четыре; четвертый; четырежды; 2) четыре страны света; со всех сторон; во все стороны; повсюду; 3) сокр. апрель

Comments: For early OC a reconstruction *slhits is also possible. Vietnamese has a peculiar tone opposition: tú' 'four' - tu' 'fourth' (cf. analogically for 二 'two').

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 31

Four-angle index: 1893

Karlgren code: 0518 a-d

Vietnamese reading: tú'

Jianchuan Bai: śi6

Dali Bai: śi6

Bijiang Bai: si6

Shijing occurrences: 53.1_, 57.3

Character: 囚

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiú

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhu

Classic Old Chinese: lhu

Western Han Chinese: lhǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: zhǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhǝw

Middle Chinese: zjǝw

English meaning : to arrest; prisoner

Russian meaning[s]: 1) арестант; арестовать, посадить в тюрьму; арестантский, тюремный; 2) пленный, пленник

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 31

Four-angle index: 1858

Karlgren code: 1094 a-b

Vietnamese reading: tù

Character: 外

Modern (Beijing) reading: wài

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋōts

Classic Old Chinese: ŋwāć

Western Han Chinese: ŋwāś

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋwāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋwāś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋwā̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋwā̀j

Middle Chinese: ŋwầj

English meaning : outside, external

Russian meaning[s]: 1) внешний, наружный; снаружи; периферия; вне, за, из-за; 2) сверх, ультра-; 3) заграница; заграничный, иностранный; внешние сношения; чужеземный; чужой, посторонний; 4) побочный; 5) родной (по женской линии); 6) левый; налево; 7) второстепенный; 8) непосвященный; 9) кроме, исключая

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is ngoại. For *ŋ- cf. Min forms: Xiamen gua⁶, Chaozhou gua⁶, Fuzhou ŋui⁶, Jianou ŋüɛ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 36

Four-angle index: 1963

Vietnamese reading: ngoài

Jianchuan Bai: ŋua6-

Dali Bai: ua6-

Shijing occurrences: 40.2, 40.3

Character: 央

Modern (Beijing) reading: yāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔaŋ

Western Han Chinese: ʔaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔaŋ

Middle Chinese: ʔaŋ

English meaning : middle, center

Russian meaning[s]: 1) центр, середина; половина; 2) конец; окончиться; 3) просить

Comments: Used also for a homonymous *ʔaŋ (also with a variant *ʔraŋ, MC ʔäiŋ) 'to be tinkling, chiming, striking (e. g. bells)'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 5096

Karlgren code: 0718 a-b